See -son on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "Emmerson"
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Mathieson"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Nelson"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "Sanderson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Simpson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Smithson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Stephenson"
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{
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"word": "Stevenson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Stimpson"
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{
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"word": "Thomason"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Thompson"
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Widdowson"
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Williamson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Willson"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Wilson"
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{
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sən/"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From sonur, from Nordic patronymic traditions.",
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{
"form": "-sonar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-synir",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-son",
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"indefinite",
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},
{
"form": "-soninn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-synir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-synirnir",
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"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-son",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soninn",
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"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-syni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-synina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-syni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-syninum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonar",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonarins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonanna",
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"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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],
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{
"word": "-dóttir"
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],
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"added to a given name (the father's or mother's) to form a patronymic or matronymic last name for the son of the person whose given name is used"
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[
"given name",
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"patronymic",
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"matronymic",
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[
"last name",
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[
"son",
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],
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],
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{
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],
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"id": "surname suffix"
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"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sunu\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sone\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"surname suffix\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"-son\" id=\"Middle_English:_surname_suffix\">",
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],
"etymology_text": "From -es (“-'s”) + sone.",
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"form": "-eson",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esson",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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"form": "-essonne",
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"links": [
[
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],
"tags": [
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],
"word": "-son"
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"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"altform": "1"
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"expansion": "-son",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
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{
"word": "-isoun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -isoun"
],
"id": "en--son-enm-suffix-vb7H9L1f",
"links": [
[
"-isoun",
"-isoun#Middle_English"
]
],
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}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
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},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sonr",
"4": "",
"5": "son",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sonr (“son”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sonr",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse sonr (“son”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-son",
"t": "patronymic suffix meaning “son of”"
},
"expansion": "Faroese -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse sonr (“son”), preserved as the second element of patronymics.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -son, Swedish -son, Icelandic -son and Faroese -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-son"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "nb:Onomastics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 17 0 0 19 10 5 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 10 0 0 11 28 29 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 24 0 0 25 15 16 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 22 0 0 23 14 15 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "patronymic and surname-forming suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "patronymic and surname-forming suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-sen"
},
{
"english": "historical patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "historical patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-søn"
},
{
"english": "patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-sønn"
},
{
"english": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"translation": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"word": "-datter"
},
{
"english": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"translation": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"word": "-dotter"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Magnus (“male given name”) + -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””) → Magnusson (“son of Magnus; patronymic surname”)"
},
{
"text": "Håkon (“male given name”) + -s- (“genitive or linking element”) + -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””) → Håkonsson (“son of Håkon; patronymic surname”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used after a parent's given name to form a masculine patronymic or matronymic name, meaning “son of”."
],
"id": "en--son-nb-suffix-HrJX9hZs",
"links": [
[
"onomastics",
"onomastics"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic"
],
[
"matronymic",
"matronymic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(onomastics) Used after a parent's given name to form a masculine patronymic or matronymic name, meaning “son of”."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-son/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-on"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From son (“son”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-son m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 10 0 0 11 28 29 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 24 0 0 25 15 16 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 22 0 0 23 14 15 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "son of Ivar (patronymic)",
"text": "Ivarsson",
"translation": "son of Ivar (patronymic)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son, used in patronymics"
],
"id": "en--son-nn-suffix-Pkf6EMim",
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-dotter"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/son/"
},
{
"ipa": "/so/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sã/",
"note": "Selbu"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 10 0 0 11 28 29 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 24 0 0 25 15 16 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 22 0 0 23 14 15 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son"
],
"id": "en--son-sv-suffix-LxU23pqC",
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔn/",
"note": "in words with two syllables"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɔn/",
"note": "in words with three or more syllables"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 16 17 0 0 19 10 5 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite"
],
"id": "en--son-cy-suffix-vNpZ1-ST",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite"
],
"id": "en--son-cy-suffix-ZlQliO2S",
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Adamson"
},
{
"word": "Addison"
},
{
"word": "Aitchison"
},
{
"word": "Allinson"
},
{
"word": "Allison"
},
{
"word": "Anderson"
},
{
"word": "Atkinson"
},
{
"word": "Bateson"
},
{
"word": "Beeson"
},
{
"word": "Benson"
},
{
"word": "Bryson"
},
{
"word": "Carson"
},
{
"word": "Casson"
},
{
"word": "Clarkson"
},
{
"word": "Collinson"
},
{
"word": "Cookson"
},
{
"word": "Coulson"
},
{
"word": "Cuthbertson"
},
{
"word": "Davidson"
},
{
"word": "Davison"
},
{
"word": "Dawson"
},
{
"word": "Dennison"
},
{
"word": "Dickenson"
},
{
"word": "Dickinson"
},
{
"word": "Dickson"
},
{
"word": "Diskerson"
},
{
"word": "Dobson"
},
{
"word": "Dodson"
},
{
"word": "Donaldson"
},
{
"word": "Dowson"
},
{
"word": "Dyson"
},
{
"word": "Eason"
},
{
"word": "Edmondson"
},
{
"word": "Ellison"
},
{
"word": "Elson"
},
{
"word": "Emerson"
},
{
"word": "Emmerson"
},
{
"word": "Erickson"
},
{
"word": "Ferguson"
},
{
"word": "Gibson"
},
{
"word": "Gilson"
},
{
"word": "Gleeson"
},
{
"word": "Goodson"
},
{
"word": "Grayson"
},
{
"word": "Gregson"
},
{
"word": "Hampson"
},
{
"word": "Hanson"
},
{
"word": "Harrison"
},
{
"word": "Henderson"
},
{
"word": "Henson"
},
{
"word": "Hewitson"
},
{
"word": "Hewson"
},
{
"word": "Hickson"
},
{
"word": "Higginson"
},
{
"word": "Higson"
},
{
"word": "Hobson"
},
{
"word": "Hodgkinson"
},
{
"word": "Hodgson"
},
{
"word": "Hodkinson"
},
{
"word": "Hodson"
},
{
"word": "Hopkinson"
},
{
"word": "Howson"
},
{
"word": "Hudson"
},
{
"word": "Hutchinson"
},
{
"word": "Hutchison"
},
{
"word": "Hutson"
},
{
"word": "Ibbotson"
},
{
"word": "Jackson"
},
{
"word": "Jameson"
},
{
"word": "Jamieson"
},
{
"word": "Jefferson"
},
{
"word": "Jenkinson"
},
{
"word": "Jepson"
},
{
"word": "Jobson"
},
{
"word": "Johnson"
},
{
"word": "Kitson"
},
{
"word": "Lawrenson"
},
{
"word": "Lawson"
},
{
"word": "Leeson"
},
{
"word": "Maddison"
},
{
"word": "Mallinson"
},
{
"word": "Manson"
},
{
"word": "Marson"
},
{
"word": "Mason"
},
{
"word": "Masterson"
},
{
"word": "Mathieson"
},
{
"word": "Mawson"
},
{
"word": "Morrison"
},
{
"word": "Musson"
},
{
"word": "Neilson"
},
{
"word": "Nelson"
},
{
"word": "Newson"
},
{
"word": "Nicholson"
},
{
"word": "Parkinson"
},
{
"word": "Paterson"
},
{
"word": "Patterson"
},
{
"word": "Pattinson"
},
{
"word": "Pattison"
},
{
"word": "Pearson"
},
{
"word": "Peterson"
},
{
"word": "Phillipson"
},
{
"word": "Ranson"
},
{
"word": "Rawlinson"
},
{
"word": "Rawson"
},
{
"word": "Richardson"
},
{
"word": "Ritson"
},
{
"word": "Robertson"
},
{
"word": "Robinson"
},
{
"word": "Robson"
},
{
"word": "Rogerson"
},
{
"word": "Rollinson"
},
{
"word": "Rowson"
},
{
"word": "Sampson"
},
{
"word": "Sanderson"
},
{
"word": "Simpson"
},
{
"word": "Smithson"
},
{
"word": "Stephenson"
},
{
"word": "Stevenson"
},
{
"word": "Stimpson"
},
{
"word": "Thomason"
},
{
"word": "Thompson"
},
{
"word": "Thomson"
},
{
"word": "Tomkinson"
},
{
"word": "Tomlinson"
},
{
"word": "Tyson"
},
{
"word": "Watkinson"
},
{
"word": "Watson"
},
{
"word": "Widdowson"
},
{
"word": "Wilkinson"
},
{
"word": "Williamson"
},
{
"word": "Willson"
},
{
"word": "Wilson"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-son<id:surname suffix>",
"id": "surname suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sunu\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sone\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"surname suffix\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-son\" id=\"English:_surname_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-son",
"4": "-son, -eson, -esson, -essone, -essonne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -son, -eson, -esson, -essone, -essonne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-es",
"t": "'s"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -es (“'s”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -son, -eson, -esson, -essone, -essonne, from Middle English -es (“'s”) + sone (“son”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sson",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "proper noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Coxon"
},
{
"word": "Dixon"
},
{
"word": "Moxon"
},
{
"word": "Nixon"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem (usually a given name or surname) to form a patronymic or matronymic surname."
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"matronymic",
"matronymic#English"
],
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hong Kong English"
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a stem (usually a given name or surname) to form a given name."
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hong Kong) Added to a stem (usually a given name or surname) to form a given name."
],
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sən/"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-dóttir"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From sonur, from Nordic patronymic traditions.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sonar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-synir",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-son",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soninn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-synir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-synirnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-son",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soninn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-syni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-synina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-syni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-syninum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonarins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "-son m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sonar, nominative plural -synir)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,ar,ir.both.imut.imutval:y.dati/i"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic masculine suffixes",
"Icelandic noun-forming suffixes",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"added to a given name (the father's or mother's) to form a patronymic or matronymic last name for the son of the person whose given name is used"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic#English"
],
[
"matronymic",
"matronymic#English"
],
[
"last name",
"last name#English"
],
[
"son",
"son#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-son"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sone<id:son>",
"id": "surname suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sunu\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sone\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"surname suffix\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"-son\" id=\"Middle_English:_surname_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-es",
"3": "sone",
"id1": "possessive",
"t1": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "-es (“-'s”) + sone",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -es (“-'s”) + sone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-eson",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esson",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-essone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-essonne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-son"
],
"links": [
[
"-son",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-isoun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -isoun"
],
"links": [
[
"-isoun",
"-isoun#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "patronymic and surname-forming suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "patronymic and surname-forming suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-sen"
},
{
"english": "historical patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "historical patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-søn"
},
{
"english": "patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"translation": "patronymic suffix meaning; son of””",
"word": "-sønn"
},
{
"english": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"translation": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"word": "-datter"
},
{
"english": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"translation": "patronymic or matronymic suffix meaning; daughter of””",
"word": "-dotter"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sonr",
"4": "",
"5": "son",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sonr (“son”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sonr",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse sonr (“son”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-son"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -son",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-son",
"t": "patronymic suffix meaning “son of”"
},
"expansion": "Faroese -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse sonr (“son”), preserved as the second element of patronymics.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -son, Swedish -son, Icelandic -son and Faroese -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-son"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/on",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/on/1 syllable",
"nb:Onomastics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Magnus (“male given name”) + -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””) → Magnusson (“son of Magnus; patronymic surname”)"
},
{
"text": "Håkon (“male given name”) + -s- (“genitive or linking element”) + -son (“patronymic suffix meaning “son of””) → Håkonsson (“son of Håkon; patronymic surname”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used after a parent's given name to form a masculine patronymic or matronymic name, meaning “son of”."
],
"links": [
[
"onomastics",
"onomastics"
],
[
"patronymic",
"patronymic"
],
[
"matronymic",
"matronymic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(onomastics) Used after a parent's given name to form a masculine patronymic or matronymic name, meaning “son of”."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-son/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-on"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "From son (“son”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-son m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-dotter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "son of Ivar (patronymic)",
"text": "Ivarsson",
"translation": "son of Ivar (patronymic)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-son, used in patronymics"
],
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/son/"
},
{
"ipa": "/so/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sã/",
"note": "Selbu"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-son"
],
"links": [
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔn/",
"note": "in words with two syllables"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɔn/",
"note": "in words with three or more syllables"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-son",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Welsh colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite"
],
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"preterite",
"preterite#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-son"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -son meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-son"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-son",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: onomastics",
"path": [
"-son"
],
"section": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-son",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: onomastics",
"path": [
"-son"
],
"section": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-son",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.